often revealing that the knowledge and inspiration for the magic in this region came not only from the local area but also from much further afield

Use to represent the element of earth

second and third degree initiation rites

navigate by the stars

Gathering and Processing Herbs for Medicinal Use

Icelandic Magic: Aims, Tools and Techniques of the Icelandic Sorcerers divination cards often revealing that the knowledgeIn this unprecedented work, the author Christopher A. Smith has meticulously studied no less than 6 original Icelandic manuscripts dating from 1500 to 1860 to extract a picture of the aims, tools and techniques of Icelandic sorcerers. Set against the context of the harsh economic, social and environmental conditions of this North Atlantic island, the book gives a detailed account of the types of spells that were used and the motivations behind them.